Economist and China scholar. Senior Adjunct Professor at the Johns Hopkins University School of Advanced International Studies (SAIS) since 1999. Senior Advisor on China to The Conference Board.

Adjunct Lecturer at Harvard University (KSG), 2001-03 and at Georgetown University, 2004. Author of many articles on China's economy.

World Bank career 1970-98: Senior Advisor to the Vice President for East Asia, 1997-98; Chief of the World Bank's Resident Mission in Beijing, 1993-97; consecutive directorships for Latin America and North Africa, 1987-93; Division Chief for Mexico, 1983-87; resident Chief Economist in Jakarta, Indonesia, 1979-83; various assignments as desk economist for East- and West African countries, 1970-79.

Employment prior to World Bank: Amsterdam University, 1964-65; advisor Ministry of Finance Zambia (Lusaka), 1965-67; consultant to UNCTAD (Geneva) on the global market for virgin and scrap non-ferrous metals, 1968; Chief Economist and Marketing Director of the (then) Zambian State-owned copper company (Lusaka), 1968-70.

Education: University of Amsterdam 1954-62. Drs degree (MA equivalent) 1962; MIT 1962-63.

Harkness Fellow of the Commonwealth Fund in New York for study in the US, 1962-64.

Research associate at the Brookings Institution. Washington, DC 1963-64.