Policy Backgrounders
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Geopolitics Hub

Policy Backgrounders

CED’s Policy Backgrounders provide timely insights on prominent business and economic policy issues facing the nation.

India Becomes the World's Most Populous Nation

April 28, 2023

India has overtaken China as the world’s most populous nation, with almost 1.426 billion people, according to the UN, updating an earlier estimate in the United Nations Population Fund (UNPFA)’s “State of World Population Report” that the shift would happen by the middle of 2023. This change is historically significant, as China has held the number one spot since at least 1950, the year the UN began issuing population data, and will have important ramifications for India’s economic growth and its long-standing competition with China. India’s “demographic dividend” of young workers, touted by India over the past several years as an engine for growth, can easily move from being an asset to a liability.

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